Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Foundations of Reading Practice Exam

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Which best describes the relationship between phonemes and graphemes?

Phonemes are the visual representation of sounds
Graphemes are the smallest written unit that represents a phoneme
Phonemes relate primarily to rhythm in language
Graphemes are used exclusively in spoken language

The correct answer is: Graphemes are the smallest written unit that represents a phoneme

The correct choice accurately describes the relationship between phonemes and graphemes. Graphemes are the smallest written units of language that correspond to phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound. This relationship is fundamental in the study of phonics, where understanding how sounds (phonemes) are represented in writing (graphemes) is crucial for reading and spelling. For example, the phoneme /k/ can be represented by the graphemes "c," "k," or "ck" in different contexts of English spelling. Understanding this relationship is essential for effective literacy instruction because it enables learners to decode and encode words. By recognizing that graphemes represent specific phonemes, students can develop their reading skills, as they learn to connect sounds to their written forms. This foundational knowledge is a key component of phonemic awareness, which plays a significant role in literacy development.